Early History of Malta
Malta has been inhabited since around 5900 BC. The first settlers were Neolithic farmers. Various cultures settled on the island, including the megalithic culture. They left behind monumental temples. The most famous are Ħaġar Qim, Mnajdra, and Tarxien. Malta is one of the smallest countries in the world. However, its history is rich and diverse. It is home to some of the oldest free-standing structures in the world.
Phoenician and Carthaginian Period
In the 8th century BC, Malta was colonized by the Phoenicians. They called it “Malat”, meaning “refuge” or “harbor”. The Phoenicians began building ports and traded with local inhabitants. Shortly thereafter, the island came under the control of Carthage. The Carthaginians incorporated Malta into their trading empire.
Romans and Byzantines
In 218 BC, Malta became part of the Roman Empire. Under Roman rule, the island experienced development. Roads, aqueducts, and cities were built. Rabat and Mdina became important centers of life. After the fall of Rome, Malta came under Byzantine control.
Arab Invasion
In 870 AD, Malta was conquered by the Arabs. They introduced new agricultural technologies and irrigation systems. The Maltese language has many words of Arabic origin. This is an influence of that era. Under Arab rule, the unique character of the island was shaped.
Medieval Period
After the Arabs, Malta came under Norman rule. Then, it passed to the Hohenstaufen and Aragon realms. In 1530, the island was given to the Knights of Malta. The knights engaged in battles with the Ottomans and the Ottoman Empire.
Knights of Malta
The Knights of Malta ruled the island until 1798. Then, Malta was conquered by Napoleon Bonaparte. The knights were known for building impressive fortresses. These have survived to this day and are popular attractions.
Under British Rule
In 1800, Malta became a British protectorate. The Malta Resolution established that Malta would remain under British rule. In 1964, the country gained independence. However, until 1974, it held the title of the kingdom under Elizabeth II.
Modern Malta
Today, Malta is a republic and a member of the European Union. It is a country with a unique cultural heritage. Tourists can explore Malta’s rich history. Enjoy the beauty of ancient ruins. Malta is also a bustling, modern metropolis. It uniquely combines the past with the present.
